最近美國輿論對于中國制造業(yè)糟糕的勞動環(huán)境與工作狀況多有批評，指出很多中國工廠生產(chǎn)出的電子裝置都是偽善、不當(dāng)?shù)漠a(chǎn)物；而擁有那些出自西方人永遠無法接受的勞動環(huán)境之電子產(chǎn)品的我們，都需要承擔(dān)罪過。 美國《紐約時報》近來有一系列文章，以蘋果(Apple)與其最大合約制造商鴻海(Foxconn Electronics)做為案例，來說明西方國家業(yè)者是如何利用中國的工廠；當(dāng)?shù)氐膭趧迎h(huán)境在歐美看來可說是“駭人聽聞”，但那些企業(yè)管理高層與中國官 方卻輕易地接受、甚至為其辯護。 那些報導(dǎo)頗具毀滅性，但所揭露的事實卻都不是新聞；我們所有人不約而同將目光抽離我們所知道 的中國制造業(yè)情況，因為他們所生產(chǎn)的產(chǎn)品更便宜、出貨更快速，甚至通常比西方同業(yè)所生產(chǎn)的品質(zhì)更好。中國之所以成為世界制造業(yè)中心，并非只因為勞動成本低廉──請別再相信這種唬人的理由──還有中國制造商能執(zhí)行那些在西方國家無人會接受的勞工政策，又可輕易被原諒。 你還是不相信我？好，請試著回答以下問題：你會睡在你工作的地方嗎？你會讓家里的青春期孩子去需要寄宿(而且一層公寓有時會擠十幾個人)的工廠上班嗎？你愿意在一個安全條件會危害健康的工廠工作嗎？還有，你肯為一家基本政策會強迫加班，但在被質(zhì)問時又全盤否認(rèn)的公司賣命嗎？那些都只是冰山的一角，實情是，在中國的制造業(yè)者為了追求更高的利潤、并滿足像是蘋果這樣的客戶需求，而壓榨供應(yīng)鏈廠商。 鴻海在深圳有一個超大廠區(qū)，規(guī)模超越很多美國小鎮(zhèn)，而且在當(dāng)?shù)毓陀昧顺^40萬個工人；該公司在廠區(qū)擁有自己的保全、餐廳、電影院、游泳池、消防隊…等等一般現(xiàn)代城市里可看到的設(shè)施。盡管連已故的蘋果前CEO喬布斯(Steve Jobs)都曾表示贊嘆，恐怕我們之中很少有人愿意在那樣的廠區(qū)工作。

身著工服上班的員工每天上下班都擠滿了深圳觀瀾富士康大水坑三村大街(圖片來自零丁網(wǎng)友)DPmesmc

根據(jù)一篇報導(dǎo)指出，喬布斯曾經(jīng)這樣形容過鴻海的廠區(qū)：“你走在這樣的一個地方，是一座工廠…但我的天啊，他們有餐廳、電影院、醫(yī)院與游泳池！以一座工廠來說，這真的是非常棒?！钡覒岩桑瑔滩妓贡救耸欠裨敢庠谀抢锕ぷ?；他永遠不需要。來自西方國家的喬布斯，身處于一個有主管機關(guān)嚴(yán)密執(zhí)行完全不同勞動標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的世界，除了有人權(quán)組織近距離監(jiān)視，一旦爆出任何違反勞工保護政策或工傷案件，就會引來大批人權(quán)律師關(guān)切。 本文下一頁：誰之過？ 本文授權(quán)編譯自EE Times，版權(quán)所有，謝絕轉(zhuǎn)載

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{pagination} 在中國可不是這樣；這也是為何包括蘋果、戴爾(Dell)、惠普(HP)、摩托羅拉(Motorola Mobility)與諾基亞(Nokia)等公司選擇在當(dāng)?shù)刂圃飚a(chǎn)品的原因之一。在那些廠區(qū)工作的勞工們選擇有限，有很多人表示，如果蘋果與其競爭對手不將產(chǎn)品制造外包給鴻海那樣的廠商，他們可能根本找不到工作，或者是賺得更少。

富士康設(shè)在鄭州的工廠目前每天能夠生產(chǎn)約20萬部iPhoneDPmesmc

也許確實如此，但那些辯駁也有很多是胡說八道；我們這些電子產(chǎn)品消費者，應(yīng)該心里要有個底，了解某些中國制造的設(shè)備是在不道德的環(huán)境下被生產(chǎn)出來的。當(dāng)我們買了蘋果的股票，并開心看著其股價又一次因為該公司宣布業(yè)績與利潤創(chuàng)新高、而飆漲兩位數(shù)字的時候，我們應(yīng)該要記得那些背后的故事。 產(chǎn)業(yè)界高層早就知道那樣的現(xiàn)實，但他們非常在意自己可領(lǐng)到的紅利；那些紅利都是靠壓榨供應(yīng)鏈以抬高利潤而來，方法就是將生產(chǎn)外包到可以讓產(chǎn)品制造成本一直被壓低的區(qū)域。壓榨就是犧牲他人，那些表示情況并非如此的聲明──來自喬布斯、以及他的接班人庫克(Timothy Cook)，還有其它電子廠商、西方世界采購主──都是廢話。 需承擔(dān)罪過的不只有那些人，事實上，如果要論罪，我個人認(rèn)為中國政府得扛起最大的責(zé)任；他們要讓經(jīng)濟成長，他們也做到了，但他們的人民卻付出了可怕的代價，賠上身體健康與人身自由。 編譯：Judith Cheng 本文授權(quán)編譯自EE Times，版權(quán)所有，謝絕轉(zhuǎn)載 參考英文原文： Chinese Labor Conditions Awful? You Are Guilty, Too ，by Bolaji Ojo；本文作者為EBN總編輯

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{pagination} Chinese Labor Conditions Awful? You Are Guilty, Too Bolaji Ojo The recent handwringing over poor labor conditions and practices at Chinese factories that make electronics devices is hypocritical and misplaced. We are all guilty of owning products manufactured under conditions most us who live in the West would never accept. The New York Times recently featured a series of exposé articles using Apple Inc. (Nasdaq: AAPL) and its biggest contract manufacturer, Foxconn Electronics Inc. , as examples of how Western OEMs benefit from labor conditions at Chinese factories that would be considered appalling in Europe and North America but that are readily accepted and defended by the companies' management as well as government officials in China. I discussed these on Friday in Does Apple Have a Foxconn Problem? The reports are damning, but nothing here is new. We've all turned our collective eyes away from what we know is happening in Chinese manufacturing plants, since the products they churn out are made more cheaply, faster, and often better than at comparable Western facilities. China is the world's manufacturing center not just because of the lower labor costs -- so stop believing the hype -- but also because Chinese manufacturers can get away with practices nobody would accept in the West. You still don't believe me? OK, please answer these questions: Would you sleep where you also work? Would you send your teenage children to work in a factory where they live in hostels (stuffed 10, 15, or more to an apartment)? Would you work at a plant where safety rules are regularly violated at the expense of your health? And would you work for a company that systematically practices forced overtime but denies it when cornered? That's just the tip of the iceberg. The truth is that manufacturing companies in China squeeze their supply chains for higher and higher margins to boost profitability and satisfy the demands of companies like Apple. Foxconn has a mega facility in Shenzhen that is bigger than many American cities and where it employs more than 400,000 workers. The company has at this site its own security, restaurants, movie theaters, swimming pool, fire stations, and other facilities found in any modern city. Yet, for all its wonders extolled by Steve Jobs, the late CEO of Apple, few of us would want to work at a facility like this. Here's what Jobs had to say once about the Foxconn plant, according to a report: You go in this place and it's a factory but, my gosh, they've got restaurants and movie theatres and hospitals and swimming pools. For a factory, it's pretty nice. I wonder, though, if Jobs himself would have taken a job here. He never had to. As a Westerner, Jobs lived under different standards rigorously enforced by regulators, monitored closely by human rights organizations and constantly scrutinized by lawyers. Any of the violations and numerous injuries reported in the press would have attracted a swarm of lawyers. But not in China. That's partly why companies like Apple, Dell, Hewlett-Packard, Motorola Mobility, and Nokia make their products there. The workers at these plants have limited options. Many people point to the fact they wouldn't have a job at all or would be making a lot less, had Apple and its competitors not outsourced production to the likes of Foxconn. That may be so, but that argument amounts to still a lot of BS. We who buy the products should have at the back of our minds the knowledge some of the devices manufactured by the electronics industry in China were produced under unsavory conditions. We should have this at the back of our minds when we buy Apple shares and celebrate the stock jumping another double-digit percentage point each time the company announces another record sales and profits. Industry executives have known about these situations for a long time, and they are quite aware their bonuses depend on squeezing more gains out of the supply chain by outsourcing production to areas where the total cost of production is constantly being tamped down. That squeeze is at the expense of someone, and the claim that this is not the case -- by Jobs, his successor Timothy Cook, other electronics vendors, and the consuming Western buyer -- is hogwash. They are not the only guilty ones. In fact, if guilt could be weighed and measured out by portion, I would suggest depositing the heaviest portion at the doorsteps of the Chinese government. It wanted economic growth, and that's what it's getting. But its citizens are paying an awful price with their health and personal freedom.