美國(guó)科技產(chǎn)業(yè)界對(duì)工作機(jī)會(huì)流向海外的印度、中國(guó)等地，或本地職缺被外國(guó)人才占據(jù)的狀況一直頗感憂心；針對(duì)這個(gè)問(wèn)題，美國(guó)政府有關(guān)單位與兩大政黨都已經(jīng)注意到并計(jì)劃透過(guò)推動(dòng)法案來(lái)維護(hù)美國(guó)本地人才的權(quán)益，但目前看來(lái)似乎沒有顯著進(jìn)展。 據(jù)一份最近由 IEEE-USA 發(fā)布、引述美國(guó)勞工部統(tǒng)計(jì)的新聞稿指出，2013年1~3月申請(qǐng) H-1B 簽證(編按：海外人士赴美工作簽證)數(shù)量最高的前十家公司，都是外包服務(wù)業(yè)者；IEEE-USA并表示，雖然勞工部統(tǒng)計(jì)顯示，那些H-1B簽證大多是以是操作計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)的IT技術(shù)員名義申請(qǐng)，并非工程研發(fā)人員，但其實(shí)最后還是落在來(lái)自海外的科學(xué)家與工程師手中。

2013年1~3月美國(guó)H-1B 簽證申請(qǐng)數(shù)量前十大公司
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2013年1~3月申請(qǐng)美國(guó)H-1B 簽證職業(yè)別比例
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本文授權(quán)編譯自EE Times，版權(quán)所有，謝絕轉(zhuǎn)載 本文下一頁(yè)：讓海外移民在本地創(chuàng)業(yè)，就可以為美國(guó)本土創(chuàng)造工作機(jī)會(huì)

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{pagination} 由于部分美國(guó)國(guó)會(huì)議員認(rèn)為，應(yīng)該大幅提高目前H1-B簽證數(shù)量至6萬(wàn)5,000張以上，以做為美國(guó)移民改革政策的一部分，但I(xiàn)EEE-USA認(rèn)為，這種做法恐怕只會(huì)讓那些外包服務(wù)業(yè)者獲益。但I(xiàn)EEE-USA卻支持為取得美國(guó)國(guó)內(nèi)大學(xué)院校STEM (科學(xué)、技術(shù)、工程與數(shù)學(xué))高階學(xué)位技術(shù)人才與其家屬提供綠卡之立法。 IEEE-USA的理由是：“綠卡與H-1B簽證不同，能讓海外移民在本地創(chuàng)業(yè)，就可以為美國(guó)本土創(chuàng)造工作機(jī)會(huì)?！边@是該組織很難得與科技業(yè)管理高層有共識(shí)的一點(diǎn)，后者也呼吁美國(guó)政府為海外STEM學(xué)位擁有者與企業(yè)家提供綠卡；產(chǎn)業(yè)高層指出，為何不讓那些聰明的工程師人才選擇來(lái)美國(guó)舊金山、而非在中國(guó)上海創(chuàng)辦一家可能發(fā)光發(fā)熱的新公司？ EETimes美國(guó)版編輯認(rèn)為，這是對(duì)美國(guó)移民改革的吵嚷討論過(guò)程中，難得達(dá)成的小小共識(shí)，并呼吁各界能在為美國(guó)本土創(chuàng)造就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)、管控外來(lái)人力以保障本土人才權(quán)益，以及減少職缺流向海外等問(wèn)題方面達(dá)成更多共識(shí)；而這或可作為同樣為人才問(wèn)題傷腦筋的其他國(guó)家借鑒。 本文授權(quán)編譯自EE Times，版權(quán)所有，謝絕轉(zhuǎn)載 編譯：Judith Cheng 參考英文原文：Immigration debate needs more common ground，by Rick Merritt

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{pagination} Immigration debate needs more common ground Rick Merritt SAN JOSE, Calif. – As the debate over immigration gets moved to the front burner, Washington appears to be uniting, but the tech industry remains as polarized as ever. I am glad to see Republicans and Democrats coming together on immigration reform as they scramble for the growing Hispanic vote. There are plenty of wrongs to right. Unfortunately, there are no uniting forces in the tech community. Rank-and-file US engineers remain viscerally concerned about technical jobs getting sent overseas while management sees top talent nurtured and attracted to growing markets in China and India. In a recent press release, the IEEE-USA cited data (below) from the US Department of Labor showing that the top 10 companies applying for H-1B visas in the first three months of FY 2013 were offshore outsourcing companies. Click on image to enlarge. It’s worth noting that same data showed the vast majority of those H-1B jobs were not for engineering, but IT staff running computer systems (below). However, the IEEE-USA claims many of these work visas ultimately get issued to scientists and engineers. Click on image to enlarge. Some members of Congress are considering increasing the H-1B cap significantly beyond 65,000 as part of comprehensive immigration reform, the IEEE release said. But that would only benefit those outsourcing companies, it claimed. It’s worth noting the IEEE-USA supports legislation providing employment-based green cards for skilled immigrants earning advanced STEM degrees from US colleges and universities, and their dependents. “Green cards, unlike H-1B visas, allow immigrants to start their own companies, many of which will create jobs in the United States,” it said. That’s a small but important piece of common ground where the IEEE stands beside high tech managers who are calling for green cards both for foreign-born STEM grads but for entrepreneurs as well. Why let that brilliant engineer start a hot new company in Shanghai when she could start it in San Francisco, they ask. Even if the tech lobby can learn to speak with one voice, it is a tiny squeal amid the immigration roar. Huge lobbies are at play, some pressing for stronger enforcement along the Mexican border, others demanding a path to citizenship for undocumented workers. In the end the US immigration debate is more about how we regard Mexico than China and India. In my opinion, there is plenty of room for useful reforms in both directions. It’s also clear to me that we need as much unity as we can get in US politics these days if we are going to move the ball forward. So here’s to the hope we can all find a little more common ground on which to stand.