芯片仿冒者無(wú)法真的取得成功，以后也不可能。雖然電子產(chǎn)業(yè)中充斥著有關(guān)仿冒組件流入航空、消費(fèi)電子產(chǎn)品以及軍事設(shè)備等領(lǐng)域造成沖擊的新聞與研究報(bào)導(dǎo)，但事實(shí)上這些報(bào)導(dǎo)都只反映出這些事件的單方面而已。因?yàn)?，就在芯片仿冒者逐漸增加各種偽造組件供應(yīng)，并破壞電子產(chǎn)業(yè)供應(yīng)鏈之際，業(yè)界制造商以及政府監(jiān)管人員也正擴(kuò)大清查以及打擊這些犯罪行為的力度。 組件制造商、經(jīng)銷商、電子制造服務(wù)(EMS)供貨商和原始設(shè)備制造商(OEM)雖然沒(méi)辦法徹底掃蕩已流入供應(yīng)鏈中的仿冒組件；但是，根據(jù)我在過(guò)去幾周來(lái)所取得的消息來(lái)源，業(yè)界廠商們正秘密且密集地發(fā)展各種計(jì)劃，打算發(fā)動(dòng)一場(chǎng)反仿冒的激烈行動(dòng)。 部份的努力成果是由于美國(guó)國(guó)會(huì)與美國(guó)政府的決定，他們希望制造商們能負(fù)責(zé)確保提供給國(guó)防部的組件品質(zhì)與真?zhèn)?，但多家業(yè)界公司也站出來(lái)開始要求一致的行動(dòng)計(jì)劃，共同打擊仿冒以及減少仿冒產(chǎn)品，特別是每當(dāng)一有相關(guān)事件被報(bào)導(dǎo)出來(lái)，整個(gè)業(yè)界市場(chǎng)都會(huì)遭到無(wú)情的攻擊。 在2012年美國(guó)政府發(fā)布的《國(guó)防授權(quán)法》(NDAA)中，反仿冒條款確實(shí)對(duì)于電子產(chǎn)業(yè)帶來(lái)了壓力。日前于倫敦舉行ES-LIVE大會(huì)(連接組件制造商和買家的年度會(huì)議)一場(chǎng)有關(guān)組件仿冒問(wèn)題的研討會(huì)上，主持人Bob Willis提醒與會(huì)者必須更加重視現(xiàn)有的采購(gòu)策略，特別是如果出售電子組件給國(guó)防部的話，如果不特別小心謹(jǐn)慎，“最后很可能會(huì)被套上橘色的犯人服裝，然后啷當(dāng)入獄，”他警告道。 Bob Willis的這一席話絕非夸大其辭。Bob Willis不但是業(yè)界的一位機(jī)械工程師，同時(shí)也是負(fù)責(zé)檢測(cè)仿冒組件的專家與顧問(wèn)。他指出，NDAA認(rèn)為，證明賣給國(guó)防部的組件真實(shí)性是制造商和供貨商的 責(zé)任，因此，如果他們沒(méi)法確保組件的真?zhèn)?，可能就?huì)像新聞報(bào)導(dǎo)所強(qiáng)調(diào)的一樣，淪落到被起訴和監(jiān)禁的后果。 對(duì)于仿冒電子組件流入美國(guó)政府的事件報(bào)導(dǎo)持續(xù)增加，這讓美國(guó)國(guó)會(huì)感到震驚與擔(dān)憂，同時(shí)也對(duì)責(zé)任歸屬作出嚴(yán)厲懲罰的相關(guān)規(guī)定，以打擊犯罪。IHS公司在最近的一份報(bào)告中指出， 即使是在不知情的情況下讓仿冒組件流入國(guó)防供應(yīng)鏈的供貨商也可能遭到起訴。根據(jù)IHS對(duì)于NDAA所作的解釋，以下是國(guó)防承包商必須擔(dān)負(fù)的相關(guān)責(zé)任： ‧承包商必須負(fù)責(zé)檢查并避免使用或含有仿冒電子組件或疑似仿冒組件。 ‧承包商也負(fù)責(zé)任何必要的補(bǔ)救或糾正措施，以解決使用或內(nèi)含這一類仿冒組件的問(wèn)題。 ‧國(guó)防部的合約將不再提供仿冒電子組件與疑似仿冒電子組件的成本，或任何為解決使用這些組件的補(bǔ)救與糾正措施所需承擔(dān)的成本。 ‧承包商必須建立嚴(yán)格的品質(zhì)審核程序與流程，以使用經(jīng)由授權(quán)供貨商取得的可信任組件供應(yīng)以及電子組件采購(gòu)。 如果這么沉重的負(fù)擔(dān)被轉(zhuǎn)移到供貨商與國(guó)防承包商身上，為什么我仍堅(jiān)信仿冒者沒(méi)機(jī)會(huì)成功呢？答案很簡(jiǎn)單。經(jīng)過(guò)這些年來(lái)，在整個(gè)供應(yīng)鏈各層面的許多公司已經(jīng)開始不斷地提前在仿冒者動(dòng)作之前更快展開打擊行動(dòng)。此外，目前也有越來(lái)越多的公司們?cè)敢獬雒娼鉀Q這個(gè)問(wèn)題，甚至坦承在其庫(kù)存中發(fā)現(xiàn)仿冒組件。這與兩年前的情況 已不可同日而語(yǔ)了，還記得當(dāng)時(shí)連只是在同樣一句話中同時(shí)提到仿冒組件以及一家有信譽(yù)的經(jīng)銷商或制造商名稱時(shí)，都是一大禁忌。 如今，許多公司不僅坦承在其車存中發(fā)現(xiàn)仿冒組件，同時(shí)也大方透露這些組件可能經(jīng)由什么管道滲透到供應(yīng)鏈中。事實(shí)上，包括IHS公司等研究人員現(xiàn)在能夠找到更多相關(guān)資料的原因就來(lái)自于制造商，包括OEM、EMS與組件供貨商等，他們更愿意提供這些信息與協(xié)助了。 最后，制造商們正為其員工、供貨商與客戶們舉辦相關(guān)的培訓(xùn)與其它教育研會(huì)，讓他們能夠具備打擊、檢查與回報(bào)仿冒組件與仿冒行為的相關(guān)知識(shí)與工具。除了這些活動(dòng)以外，由于仿冒組件事件頻傳，不但為整個(gè)產(chǎn)業(yè)帶來(lái)了共同打擊仿冒組件的合作行動(dòng)，也催生了相關(guān)的技術(shù)創(chuàng)新。 編譯：Susan Hong 本文授權(quán)編譯自EBN Online，版權(quán)所有，謝絕轉(zhuǎn)載 本文下一頁(yè)：

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{pagination} Counterfeiters Aren't Winning: Here's Why Bolaji Ojo The counterfeiters are not winning and they won't. The industry is awash in news and research reports about surging incidents of counterfeiting in components used in aviation, consumer goods, and military equipment, but that represents only one side of the story. As counterfeiters have increased their supply of fake parts, corrupting the supply chain, so have concerned manufacturers and regulators intensified efforts to combat the trend. Component manufacturers, distributors, electronic manufacturing services (EMS) providers, and OEMs won't be able to completely scrub the supply chain of fake parts, but, quietly and intensely, they are developing and waging a fierce campaign against the counterfeiters, according to industry sources I've spoken with in the last few weeks. Some of the efforts can be attributed to the decision by Congress and the US government to make manufacturers responsible for certifying components supplied to the Department of Defense, but companies are also beginning to be strident in calling for a concerted plan to reduce counterfeiting, because the entire market gets a black eye with each reported incident. The anti-counterfeiting provision in the 2012 National Defense Authorization Act (NDAA) has certainly lit a fire under the industry. Attendees at a seminar on counterfeiting hosted at ES-Live (an annual conference linking up component manufacturers and purchasers) in London were warned by presenter Bob Willis to pay greater attention to their sourcing strategies, especially if they sell parts to the DoD. "You may end up in an orange suit and headed to prison," he warned. Willis, a mechanical engineer, consultant, and specialist in the detection of counterfeit parts, wasn't exaggerating the threat. The NDAA puts the onus on the manufacturer and supplier to prove components sold to the DoD were genuine. Failure to ensure this could result in prosecution and imprisonment, as other news reports have highlighted. Congress has been alarmed by a sharp rise in reported incidents of counterfeit parts supplied to the US government and has prescribed stiff penalties to combat the criminals responsible. However, as IHS noted in a recent report, suppliers who unwittingly introduce fake parts into the defense supply chain may also get prosecuted. Here are the steps defense contractors are expected to take, according to IHS's interpretation of the NDAA: Contractors are now responsible for detecting and avoiding the use or inclusion of counterfeit electronic parts or suspect counterfeit parts Contractors are also responsible for any rework or corrective action that may be required to remedy the use or inclusion of such parts Defense contracts will no longer allow the cost of counterfeit electronic parts and suspect counterfeit electronic parts or the cost associated with rework or corrective action to resolve the use or inclusion of such parts Qualification procedures and processes must be established to use trusted suppliers and procure electronics from authorized suppliers If these onerous burdens have been shifted onto suppliers and defense contractors, how come I still believe the counterfeiters are not winning? The answer is simple. Over the years and at all levels of the supply chain, companies have been introducing actions that have continually placed them several steps ahead of the counterfeiters. Also, many more companies are today willing to publicly address the subject and even admit to the discovery of fake parts in their inventories. This was not the case two years ago, when even the mere mention of counterfeit components in the same sentence with a reputable distributor's or manufacturer's name was seen as the kiss of death. Today, many companies not only admit that fake parts have been discovered in their inventories, but they'll also disclose how such components could have infiltrated the supply chain. Such public disclosures are working against the counterfeiters, who can no longer rely on the silence of victims to cloud industry visibility into the scale of the problem. In fact, the reason researchers like IHS now have more data on reported incidents is because manufacturers (OEMs, EMSs, and component suppliers) are more willing to submit information on these. Finally, manufacturers are hosting training and other educational seminars for employees, suppliers, and customers to equip them with the knowledge and tools necessary for combating, detecting, and reporting counterfeits and counterfeiters. Out of these activities have arisen technological innovations that are now being shared across the industry to fight counterfeiting. EBN blogger Douglas Alexander wrote about one of these in a recent blog, and other EBN contributors have similarly addressed the subject in various postings. In my next blog, I will focus on some of these anti-counterfeiting technological initiatives. EBN will also be hosting a series of online educational sessions on this. Stay tuned.