中國(guó)新崛起的智能手機(jī)品牌小米(Xiaomi) 應(yīng)該已經(jīng)是大眾耳熟能詳,但在美國(guó)市場(chǎng)上它仍是個(gè)陌生的名詞;以下是EE Times美國(guó)版首席國(guó)際特派員吉田順子(Junko Yoshida)前往北京小米總部所做的一手報(bào)導(dǎo),也許這家公司的故事你已經(jīng)在很多地方看過,但來自西方的觀點(diǎn)或許能帶來一些完全不同的收獲…
中國(guó)新崛起的品牌小米,在許多國(guó)際品牌已經(jīng)鎩羽的消費(fèi)性電子市場(chǎng)上走出了自己的路;該公司在中國(guó)本土聚集了達(dá)到數(shù)百萬的熱情“米粉”,2012年在中國(guó)市場(chǎng) 售出了719萬支智能手機(jī)、創(chuàng)造126億人民幣(約20.49億美元)年?duì)I收;2013年小米智能手機(jī)銷售量進(jìn)一步達(dá)到1,870萬支,年?duì)I收達(dá)到了 187億人民幣(50.74億美元)。
小米透過許多獨(dú)特的策略在中國(guó)市場(chǎng)站穩(wěn)了腳步,包括以低于BoM成本的價(jià)格賣高性能手機(jī)、只透過網(wǎng)絡(luò)銷售產(chǎn)品(沒有零售商店或是合作渠道商)、不委托ODM廠設(shè)計(jì),僅提供有限的產(chǎn)品機(jī)型選擇、維持較長(zhǎng)的產(chǎn)品周期,還有頻繁的軟件更新、甚至達(dá)到一周一次。
此外小米對(duì)于產(chǎn)品內(nèi)部所使用的組件供貨商名稱采取不保密原則?!皞鹘y(tǒng)手機(jī)廠商會(huì)將這類信息視為商業(yè)機(jī)密;”小米共同創(chuàng)辦人暨總裁林斌表示:“我們不這樣做。像我們這樣一家互聯(lián)網(wǎng)公司,信息公開讓我們的產(chǎn)品更透明化,而這是我們認(rèn)為取得客戶信任的關(guān)鍵。”
小米不只是賣智能手機(jī),他們也涉足有眾多消費(fèi)性電子大廠環(huán)伺的電視市場(chǎng),推出小米電視以及叫做“小米盒子”的機(jī)頂盒產(chǎn)品。此外該公司去年推出了Wi-Fi路由器,采用Broadcom的1GHz雙核心CPU、802.11ac雙頻(2.4/5GHz)芯片,以及內(nèi)建1TB容量2.5吋SATA硬盤機(jī);林斌透露,該款Linux平臺(tái)智能路由器可能會(huì)是小米首款進(jìn)軍美國(guó)市場(chǎng)的產(chǎn)品。

小米共同創(chuàng)辦人暨總裁林斌在北京辦公室接受專訪
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而 小米還提供一系列的手機(jī)外圍設(shè)備,包括移動(dòng)電源(編按:10400mAh容量69元人民幣)。小米可說是近乎狂熱地專注透過網(wǎng)絡(luò)賣產(chǎn)品,這種營(yíng)銷策略在中 國(guó)已經(jīng)成為傳奇;從默默無名、在不到三年的時(shí)間旋風(fēng)般席卷中國(guó)智能手機(jī)市場(chǎng),小米也讓很多西方分析師聯(lián)想到喬布斯(Steve Jobs)以及iPhone的誕生。
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小米不容小覷的技術(shù)實(shí)力
世人對(duì)小米的技術(shù)實(shí)力比較不那么熟悉,該公司背后有一個(gè)集合軟硬件人才的團(tuán)隊(duì),七位創(chuàng)辦人包括來自中國(guó)金山軟件的工程師菁英(共同創(chuàng)辦人雷軍),以及曾任職外商大廠的重量級(jí)人物。林斌一開始是在微軟(Microsoft)工作,后來加入Google,在中國(guó)擔(dān)任相當(dāng)于Andy Rubin的職位。另一位創(chuàng)辦人黃江吉也曾任職于中國(guó)微軟。
共同創(chuàng)辦人周光平則曾領(lǐng)導(dǎo)摩托羅拉(Motorola)中國(guó)研發(fā) 團(tuán)隊(duì),他一開始是RF工程師,后來帶了20個(gè)曾任職摩托羅拉的工程師一起加入小米。共同創(chuàng)辦人洪鋒在加入小米之前率領(lǐng)Google的中國(guó)團(tuán)隊(duì);最近 Google的Android產(chǎn)品部門副總裁Hugo Barra也被挖角到小米。
而林斌表示,在2010年4月成立的小米,實(shí)際上是他與雷軍因?yàn)閷?duì)移動(dòng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)與Android之熱情與新點(diǎn)子激蕩出來的結(jié)晶。在林斌仍任職Google時(shí),雷軍是手機(jī)瀏覽器公司UCWEB的天使投資人;雷軍在之前已經(jīng)催生了好幾家成功的新創(chuàng)公司,并且讓金山軟件公開上市。
林斌與雷軍是生意上的伙伴,兩個(gè)人所談?wù)摰脑掝}都圍繞著 Android跟移動(dòng)網(wǎng)絡(luò),常常在周末晚上聚會(huì)分享彼此的看法、腦力激蕩,甚至從晚上八點(diǎn)聊到第二天清晨。于是他們有了利用中國(guó)正興盛的移動(dòng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)與電子商務(wù)市場(chǎng)創(chuàng)業(yè)的想法,林斌一開始決定不離開 Google、但仍與雷軍一起合作,直到2010年1月Google撤出中國(guó)市場(chǎng)。
“我在他們正式宣布撤出中國(guó)之前一天抵達(dá)舊金山,但Andy Rubin取消了跟我的會(huì)面,這是以前不曾發(fā)生過的;我對(duì)即將發(fā)生的事情一無所知?!绷直蟊硎荆骸半m然這對(duì)Google來說是正確的決定,但對(duì)我來說是晴 天霹靂;當(dāng)時(shí)在我手下Google北京研發(fā)據(jù)點(diǎn)的工程師就有300~400人,中國(guó)營(yíng)運(yùn)據(jù)點(diǎn)還有更多員工,沒人知道公司決定撤出中國(guó)。”
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小米創(chuàng)始人兼CEO雷軍(中)與其他七位聯(lián)合創(chuàng)始人
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獨(dú)特的用戶界面MIUI
后 來林斌與雷軍在2010年創(chuàng)辦小米,他們第一個(gè)開發(fā)案就是名為MIUI的用戶界面(UI)──為Android平臺(tái)打造更好、更有創(chuàng)意的UI。據(jù)林斌表 示,MIUI與Android完全兼容,他們是透過對(duì)Android的全盤了解,以及了解Linux是該平臺(tái)的核心而開發(fā)出MIUI;藉由這個(gè)接口,他們能完全掌控每一行程序代碼。
透過MIUI,小米能擴(kuò)展Android的各種功能,并能讓平臺(tái)支持各種手機(jī)布景“主題”、并透過 小米的在線商店販賣。例如你選擇了Angry Bird主題,你的手機(jī)桌面將會(huì)被那些小鳥占據(jù),包括各種應(yīng)用程序與功能圖標(biāo)都能換成Angry Bird?;旧闲∶资侵匦麓蛟炝薃ndroid、將架構(gòu)開放并將SDK公布,讓第三方軟件開發(fā)商能設(shè)計(jì)各種不同的手機(jī)主題。

小米手機(jī)能支持包括功能圖標(biāo)在內(nèi)的全套主題轉(zhuǎn)換
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小米一直到2010年6月才著手設(shè)計(jì)第一款手機(jī),這個(gè)任務(wù)一開始頗艱巨,因?yàn)楫?dāng)時(shí)五位共同創(chuàng)辦人都專長(zhǎng)軟件、對(duì)硬件不熟,直到周光平加入小米。周光平在小米 成立時(shí)已經(jīng)離開摩托羅拉,但參與的另一家公司的智能手機(jī)新產(chǎn)品開發(fā)案后來告吹,于是他帶著RF專長(zhǎng)與15年以上的硬件設(shè)計(jì)經(jīng)驗(yàn)加入小米,率領(lǐng)一個(gè)由前摩托羅拉工程師所組成的手機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)團(tuán)隊(duì)。
在許多國(guó)際大廠紛紛準(zhǔn)備從消費(fèi)性電子產(chǎn)品市場(chǎng)抽手的此刻,中國(guó)新崛起的智能手機(jī)品牌小米(Xiaomi)卻一頭栽了進(jìn)去;而到目前為止,系統(tǒng)產(chǎn)品業(yè)務(wù)對(duì)這家公司來說仍不算駕輕就熟,他們得積極地一點(diǎn)一點(diǎn)建立與電子組件、零組件供貨商們的合作關(guān)系。
于 北京總部接受EETimes美國(guó)版記者專訪的小米共同創(chuàng)辦人暨總裁林斌坦承,當(dāng)初該公司花了六個(gè)月的時(shí)間終于“拼湊”出第一支智能手機(jī),其實(shí)里面的零組 件是沒有第二供應(yīng)來源的;因此任何一家供貨商要是出了狀況,對(duì)這家新創(chuàng)公司來說都會(huì)是嚴(yán)重打擊:“我們就像是在坐云霄飛車。”
而驚險(xiǎn)過關(guān)后的小米想繼續(xù)取得成功,主要的影響因素有二:能否成功進(jìn)軍中國(guó)以外的市場(chǎng),以及與Google之間的關(guān)系。
小 米的產(chǎn)品現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)進(jìn)軍香港、臺(tái)灣與新加坡,林斌透露,其他該公司鎖定的海外市場(chǎng)還包括印度、馬來西亞以及一些亞洲國(guó)家,甚至有意涉足意大利市場(chǎng);他指出, 這些小米鎖定的海外市場(chǎng)大多是消費(fèi)者會(huì)愿意自己花錢買空機(jī)、不一定要接受電信業(yè)者綁約方案的;而美國(guó)手機(jī)市場(chǎng)因?yàn)槭茈娦艩I(yíng)運(yùn)商嚴(yán)密控制,不易進(jìn)入。
至 于Google,林斌擔(dān)心的是該公司藉由限制合作伙伴來控管其生態(tài)系統(tǒng);他認(rèn)為聯(lián)想(Lenovo)從Google手中收購摩托羅拉手機(jī)業(yè)務(wù) (Motorola Mobility)是件好事,因?yàn)檫@有助于維持Android陣營(yíng)手機(jī)供貨商所獲得的支持與程序代碼分享之公平性。不過林斌仍感覺到可能會(huì)有一些變化:“當(dāng)然,我希望我擔(dān)心的不會(huì)發(fā)生。”
雖然小米的軟件架構(gòu)與Android百分之百兼容,其升級(jí)的用戶界面MIUI之設(shè)計(jì),是為進(jìn)一步延伸擴(kuò)展Android的功能;但這并不保證Google在未來不會(huì)視小米為競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手。
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移動(dòng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)公司
不過小米刻意避免將自己設(shè)定為“消費(fèi)性電子廠商”,反而自稱是“移動(dòng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)公司”;林斌表示:“雷軍(小米共同創(chuàng)辦人暨CEO)跟我都了解移動(dòng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的重要性?!彼e例指出,現(xiàn)在的書籍有大量都是透過網(wǎng)絡(luò)銷售,電子商務(wù)的便利性已經(jīng)毫無疑問地被證明。
林斌指出:“對(duì)于像是我們這樣的新創(chuàng)公司來說,這(電子商務(wù))是唯一的做生意方法;透過將營(yíng)銷活動(dòng)集中在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上,我們能節(jié)省所有的開銷,并將成本優(yōu)勢(shì)回饋給消費(fèi)者。”就像是Google一樣,小米的任務(wù)是透過提供服務(wù)來賺錢,而非銷售硬件。

小米北京總部的大廳接待處
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小 米專注品牌營(yíng)銷與推廣的策略被視為其成功關(guān)鍵,也有人認(rèn)為該公司是將整個(gè)產(chǎn)品設(shè)計(jì)、開發(fā)與制造都外包給契約代工業(yè)者,其實(shí)不然。小米并不依賴ODM業(yè)者設(shè)計(jì)產(chǎn)品,該公司的工程團(tuán)隊(duì)具備高深技術(shù)知識(shí),具備挑選自家手機(jī)所需電路板、液晶屏幕、電源管理芯片、模塊、應(yīng)用處理器、影像傳感器、攝影機(jī)模塊等零組件的能力。
然而會(huì)設(shè)計(jì)高性能智能手機(jī)是一回事,真正重要的是得找到愿意將先進(jìn)零組件賣給小米的頂級(jí)供貨商,畢竟這個(gè)品牌沒人聽過;更困難的是,要找一家能組裝生產(chǎn)小米設(shè)計(jì)之產(chǎn)品的公司。于是雷軍與林斌到處拜訪零組件大廠,尋找適合高性能智能手機(jī)的最佳零組件,還向夏普 (Sharp)、東芝(Toshiba)、友達(dá)(AUO)、群創(chuàng)(Innolux)等大廠洽詢面板供應(yīng)。
林斌表示,當(dāng)時(shí)幾乎有八成的零組件供貨商都拒絕供應(yīng),有的理由是產(chǎn)能不足,有的則是開出比一般行情高五倍的價(jià)錢:“這就是拒絕的意思?!痹陲@示器部分,夏普一開始不愿意后來又簽了供應(yīng)合約:“一個(gè)夏普的人后來告訴我,他們是因?yàn)槿毡就飞倘?Mitsui)的一位高層主管跟我們一起前往,才勉強(qiáng)答應(yīng)?!?
尋 找為小米組裝智能手機(jī)的代工廠則是最困難的部分,林斌回憶當(dāng)時(shí)一位同事在開會(huì)前說:“如果我們找不到那些人,我們就死定了?!庇袝r(shí)候新創(chuàng)公司不成功,只 是因?yàn)樗鼈円呀?jīng)想好了完善的退場(chǎng)計(jì)劃;而小米很幸運(yùn)地遇到了“貴人”──英華達(dá)(Inventec Appliance)。
英 華達(dá)自己有生產(chǎn)中端手機(jī),同時(shí)也為其他電子廠商提供制造服務(wù);小米拜訪該公司的時(shí)候,正遇到了他們自己的手機(jī)業(yè)務(wù)因?yàn)闋顩r不佳而面臨結(jié)束。小米的智能手機(jī)需要能在有限空間堆棧10層PCB的制造商,這意味著英華達(dá)會(huì)需要在新的測(cè)試設(shè)備上做大規(guī)模投資;盡管如此,因?yàn)槊媾R業(yè)務(wù)衰退需要尋求新合作伙伴的英華達(dá),同意為小米代工。
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遵循網(wǎng)絡(luò)公司的業(yè)務(wù)模式
小米與傳統(tǒng)消費(fèi)性電子業(yè)者最大的不同,就是這家公司以互聯(lián)網(wǎng)為導(dǎo)向的經(jīng)營(yíng)哲學(xué)。首先,小米認(rèn)為系統(tǒng)產(chǎn)品的價(jià)格應(yīng)該要跟成本相當(dāng):“這應(yīng)該要成為硬件產(chǎn)品的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)做法;”小米共同創(chuàng)辦人黎萬強(qiáng)日前在參加 IIC春季論壇時(shí)表示,“大量”與“低價(jià)”是兩個(gè)推動(dòng)如百度等互聯(lián)網(wǎng)公司的因素,而今日的消費(fèi)性電子廠商應(yīng)該要向這些公司看齊。
其次,傳統(tǒng)消費(fèi)性電子廠商通常會(huì)花許多時(shí)間在產(chǎn)品發(fā)表前將之完善化,但小米卻認(rèn)為“對(duì)消費(fèi)性電子產(chǎn)業(yè)來說,速度是一切”?!拔覀兿劝l(fā)表產(chǎn)品,然后再根據(jù)用戶的回饋意見來進(jìn)行優(yōu)化;”黎萬強(qiáng)表示:“我都告訴我們的工程師,用戶就是你的產(chǎn)品經(jīng)理?!?
不 過小米可不是廉價(jià)智能手機(jī)的供貨商,該公司是以入門價(jià)格提供高階手機(jī)為傲。但如果小米繼續(xù)采用高階零組件,這家公司到底是如何能以如此低的價(jià)格賣手機(jī)? 這是一個(gè)能長(zhǎng)久經(jīng)營(yíng)的業(yè)務(wù)嗎?小米通常是先以較小數(shù)量生產(chǎn)一批手機(jī),然后透過互聯(lián)網(wǎng)發(fā)表;在每一批產(chǎn)品之間,該公司能繼續(xù)進(jìn)行產(chǎn)品的優(yōu)化,同時(shí)也可能將成本繼續(xù)降低。
有的時(shí)候小米也會(huì)透過換供貨商來升級(jí)所使用的零件。如該公司在2011年7月首度發(fā)表M1、并在一個(gè)月之后 于北京舉辦發(fā)表會(huì)之間,該產(chǎn)品的CPU就從原本的1.2GHz雙核心芯片,升級(jí)到高通(Qualcomm)的MSM8260單芯片;這讓M1成為中國(guó)廠商 推出的手機(jī)中,第一款采用1.5GHz雙核心芯片的產(chǎn)品。
林斌表示:“我們應(yīng)該是單一產(chǎn)品對(duì)MSM8260芯片采購量最大的買主?!彼貞?,M1配備高通的Adreno 220繪圖處理器、1GB RAM與4GB ROM,一開始的售價(jià)是2,600元人民幣,但后來在北京發(fā)表時(shí)的價(jià)格已經(jīng)降到1,999元人民幣(當(dāng)時(shí)約270美元),比BOM成本還低。在2012年 夏天上市的“米2”,BOM成本2,300元人民幣,價(jià)格也是1,999元人民幣。
接著小米又推出了在市場(chǎng)熱銷的低價(jià)中階手機(jī)“紅米”,該產(chǎn)品支持雙SIM卡、配備4.7吋IPS顯示器,采用聯(lián)發(fā)科(MediaTek)的雙核心1.5GHz MT6589T處理器,BOM成本890元人民幣,現(xiàn)在在線售價(jià)為799元人民幣(約130美元)。紅米手機(jī)也正式銷往海外市場(chǎng),在新加坡、馬來西亞與臺(tái) 灣等地也是透過網(wǎng)絡(luò)銷售。
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在林斌位于小米北京總部的辦公室,有一臺(tái)47吋的小米電視,還陳列了許多公司吉祥物“米兔”
uVbesmc
本文下一頁:小米會(huì)自己設(shè)計(jì)芯片嗎?
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小 米偏好較長(zhǎng)的產(chǎn)品周期,如此除了能累積較大的產(chǎn)量,長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)來看也應(yīng)該能降低成本。此外小米也會(huì)公開所有零組件供貨商的名稱與組件型號(hào),這種做法有助于在中國(guó) 市場(chǎng)上眾多仿冒品中保護(hù)小米自家產(chǎn)品;這種做法對(duì)零組件供貨商來說也有警惕意味,當(dāng)小米手機(jī)的銷售量往上沖,有些供貨商就會(huì)調(diào)低價(jià)格,也有一開始拒絕小米 的廠商現(xiàn)在自己送上門去。
然而小米最終仍認(rèn)為該公司的核心業(yè)務(wù)是軟件而非硬件,該公司幾乎是每一個(gè)星期都發(fā)布軟件更新。因此對(duì)小米來說,在手機(jī)之外又推出電視產(chǎn)品其實(shí)并不算什么大躍進(jìn),林斌表示:“我覺得電視跟手機(jī)沒什么差別?!?
小 米電視采用高通Snapdragon 600四核心1.7GHz處理器、Adreno 320繪圖處理器;電視不需要RF 模塊,只是屏幕比手機(jī)大。透過47吋的小米電視,用戶能在大屏幕上玩 Android游戲:“對(duì)我們來說,在Android平臺(tái)上設(shè)計(jì)電視很容易;我們將之視為做電視機(jī)的唯一方案。”林斌表示,去年推出的小米電視售價(jià)約 410美元。
小米會(huì)自己設(shè)計(jì)芯片嗎?
包括三星(Samsung)、蘋果(Apple)都認(rèn)為需要自己開發(fā)產(chǎn)品所需的芯片,華為(Huawei)、中興(ZTE)旗下也有自己的芯片設(shè)計(jì)公司海思(HiSilicon)與中興微電子(ZTE Microelectronics);那么小米會(huì)自己設(shè)計(jì)芯片嗎?
對(duì)此林斌表示,小米與高通等領(lǐng)導(dǎo)芯片設(shè)計(jì)業(yè)者的合作關(guān)系,比任何人想象得都要緊密得多,小米的團(tuán)隊(duì)甚至進(jìn)駐高通的美國(guó)總部:“我們的工程師在那里看程序代碼,”一旦小米工程師看到有問題,馬上能請(qǐng)高通修正。
小米員工截至目前總數(shù)有4,300人,對(duì)新創(chuàng)公司來說規(guī)模很大;其中有3,000人是負(fù)責(zé)電子商務(wù)與售后服務(wù),包括1,500位客服中心人員。其余1,300人則是研發(fā)部門,負(fù)責(zé)智能手機(jī)硬件設(shè)計(jì)、用戶接口與軟件開發(fā),以及其他產(chǎn)品如電視、機(jī)頂盒、路由器的設(shè)計(jì)。
本文授權(quán)編譯自EE Times,版權(quán)所有,謝絕轉(zhuǎn)載
編譯:Judith Cheng
參考英文原文:Exclusive: Xiaomi Unboxed & Challenged,by Junko Yoshida
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Exclusive: Xiaomi Unboxed and Challenged
Junko Yoshida
Less-told tale is Xiaomi’s technology prowess
BEIJING — China's Xiaomi Inc., a company with no previous experience in the CE business, has picked up where Sony, Motorola, and Nokia left off and has blazed a path to survival in today's cutthroat consumer market.
Xiaomi's strategies, which defy most of the industry's conventional wisdom, seem to be working so far. The company is gaining millions of enthusiastic Xiaomi fans -- though still mostly in China. Two years after its inception, it sold 7.19 million smartphones in China in 2012, bringing in 12.6 billion Yuan ($2.049 billion) in revenue. In 2013, it sold 18.7 million smartphones and generated 18.7 billion Yuan ($5.074 billion) of revenue.
The counterintuitive steps Xiaomi has taken on its way to dominating the market here are many. It has priced its high-performance phone for less than its bill of materials. It sells only on the Internet (no retail stores or third-party distributors). It uses no ODMs to design a box. It limits its range of models, and it maintains a longer product cycle. It thrives on frequent software updates -- on a weekly basis.
Xiaomi also makes a point of disclosing the names of suppliers for every part and component designed into its products. "Traditional handset vendors treat such information as if it were trade secrets," Bin Lin, co-founder and president of Xiaomi, told us during a recent one-on-one interview. "We don't. For an Internet company like ours, the disclosure makes our products more transparent, which we think is the key to win trust from our customers."
Bin Lin, Xiaomi's co-founder and president, in his office in Beijing.
Bin Lin, Xiaomi's co-founder and president, in his office in Beijing.
Smartphones aren't the only CE product Xiaomi is selling in China. Though every major consumer electronics company in Japan and Europe seems to be fleeing the TV business, Xiaomi launched Xiaomi TV and the Xiaomi over-the-top box last year. Late last year, it rolled out a WiFi router featuring Broadcom's dual-core 1GHz CPU, 802.11ac running at dual bands (2.4 GHz and 5GHz), and a 1 TB 2.5-inch SATA hard drive. Lin said the Linux-based smart router could be Xioami's first product to enter the US market -- if it chooses to take the plunge. Xiaomi also offers a number of accessories, including portable chargers.
Xiaomi's almost fanatical focus on Internet sales is much noted. This marketing strategy has become legend and gospel in China. By coming out of nowhere to take China's smartphone sector by storm in less than three years, Xiaomi reminds many Western analysts of Steve Jobs and the iPhone launch.
Who's who in the mobile technology
The less-told tale is Xiaomi's technology prowess, backed up by the team's collective knowledge on software and hardware -- down to granular details.
The seven co-founders include the crème de la crème of engineering talent from China's King Software, as well as management heavyweights from Google, Microsoft, and Motorola. If you've ever wondered whatever happened to the top Chinese engineering lieutenant at Microsoft Research Asia (founded in Beijing in the late 1990s), the director of Microsoft China's Academy of Engineering, or the guy who established an R&D Center for Motorola China in late 1990s, Xiaomi's your answer.
Lin originally worked at Microsoft and later joined Google, serving as China's counterpart to Andy Rubin in Mountain View, Calif. Jiangji Huang was at Microsoft China.
Guangping Zhou led Motorola's R&D team in China. Originally an RF engineer, he brought to Xiaomi a team of 20 engineers from among his Motorola colleagues.
Hong Feng led the Google China team before joining Xiaomi. The most recent addition, Hugo Barra, was Google's vice president of Android product management.
Xiaomi, which means "little rice" in Chinese, was founded in April 2010. As Lin tells the story, it was a concoction of ideas and passion for the mobile Internet and Android, shared by two men: Jun Lei, China's best-known billionaire serial entrepreneur, and Lin, former engineering director of Google Global.
When Lin was still at Google, Lei was an angel investor for UCWEB, a mobile web browser company. He had pulled off a number of successful startups, including taking King Software to its initial public offering.
When business partners Lei and Lin talked to each other, the conversation tended to dwell on Android and the mobile Internet. "We shared a lot of passion together," Lin said. "We often got together at 8 o'clock on a weekend night, brainstormed our ideas, and we never stopped talking until three in the morning."
Both men harbored the idea of a new business to leverage the booming mobile Internet and e-commerce market in China, but Lin didn't decide to leave Google and work with Lei until Jan. 12, 2010 -- the day Google decided to pull out of China.
"I arrived in San Francisco the day before that announcement. Andy Rubin canceled our meeting. That had never happened before. I had no idea what was coming," Lin said. "Although it was the right decision by Google, it was a huge surprise for me, and I got pretty emotional. I had 300-400 people working in R&D at Google in Beijing, and there were more people working in the operation in China. None of them had any idea that it was coming."
MIUI
When Lei and Lin founded Xiaomi in 2010, their first project was to develop a user interface called MIUI. The goal was to build a better, innovative UI on top of Android.
MIUI is 100% compatible with Android, Lin said. "There are no disconnects." But by knowing Android inside out, and knowing that Linux is at its core, "we designed a UI that's compatible with Android but more innovative -- on top of Android. With MIUI, we have full control of every line of code."
The interface allows Xiaomi to extend features of Android, allowing different "themes" -- developed by third parties and sold at Xiaomi's Theme Store -- to do things like take over the smartphone's desktop. If you choose the Angry Bird theme, characters from the Angry Birds game take over your mobile screen, and you can those icons to control phone functions.
In essence, Xiaomi has rebuilt Android, opened up the framework, and published an SDK that allows different themes to be designed by third-party developers.
Xiaomi's project to design its first smartphone didn't start until June 2010 -- three months after the company was founded. The task initially looked herculean, because the first five co-founders knew software code but nothing about hardware. It had to wait for Zhou, who had already left Motorola, to join Xiaomi.
When Xioami was getting established, Zhou was involved in a brand new smartphone project at another company. But that project fell through, and Zhou brought to Xioami his RF knowledge, more than 15 years of experience in designing hardware at Motorola, and a team of 20 ex-Motorola engineers orphaned by that defunct smartphone project.
In the next installment, we will discuss Xiaomi's struggle to become a smartphone vendor, the challenges ahead as the company expands beyond China, and the need to find a balance in keeping a good relationship with Google.
責(zé)編:Quentin