對包括汽車業(yè)者、電視業(yè)者、手機業(yè)者…等每一家消費性電子技術(shù)開發(fā)商來說，要打造出完美的人機接口(HMI)都是個永無止盡的挑戰(zhàn)；但最近發(fā)表的一篇 IHS 報告，卻令我大感驚訝。 該篇標(biāo)題為“汽車近接感測與手勢識別系統(tǒng)銷售表現(xiàn)邁向高峰(Sales of Automotive Proximity and Gesture Recognition Systems Shift into High Gear)”的報告預(yù)測，汽車人機接口應(yīng)用的近接感測與手勢識別系統(tǒng)銷售量將在未來十年成長50%。 這是真的嗎？汽車廠商已經(jīng)開始采用手勢控制技術(shù)了？我的直覺反應(yīng)是：在這個地球上，在車內(nèi)使用手勢識別與近接傳感器，怎會比操作旋鈕或是使用觸控屏幕更好？你可以說我老土，但駕駛?cè)穗y道不是會比較喜歡能真正觸摸到的旋鈕、按鍵或是實體接口？

IHS預(yù)測汽車人機接口應(yīng)用的近接與手勢識別系統(tǒng)銷售量將在未來十年成長50%
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為此我請教了IHS汽車市場的資深分析師Mark Boyadjis，他也是另一篇新報告“新興技術(shù)：新一代人機接口趨勢(Emerging Technologies: New Human-Machine Interface Trends)”的作者。 他特別澄清：“我并沒有說手勢識別或是近接傳感器“比較好”，我只說手勢識別與近接開關(guān)是“具高度價值”的用戶界面?！备叨葍r值？這是什么意思？Boyadjis的想法是，在用戶界面上，選擇性是關(guān)鍵，沒有單一種人機界面技術(shù)可以勝出。 他并非指“多模式用戶界面(multi-modal user interfaces)”，Boyadjis解釋 ：“相較于實體按鍵，有些人偏愛語音識別，但也有人可能討厭語音；不同文化環(huán)境下的不同使用者，對使用者接口會有不同的偏好?！? 這倒是沒錯，不難想象汽車駕駛?cè)说氖謩菘赡軙卸嗝簇S富的涵義──不只是對路上的其它駕駛?cè)藖碚f，對車用資通訊娛樂系統(tǒng)來說也是──可以想見，手勢能挾帶更多的信息。 本文授權(quán)編譯自EE Times，版權(quán)所有，謝絕轉(zhuǎn)載 本文下一頁：成本是最大的考量

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{pagination} 成本是最大的考量 車用近接感測與手勢識別系統(tǒng)的成長，主要還是與近接傳感器的安裝成本與簡易性相關(guān)。Boyadjis坦承，他們對“未來十年該類系統(tǒng)將成長50%”的預(yù)測，主要驅(qū)動力并非手勢識別系統(tǒng)，而是近接傳感器。 IHS估計，在2023年市場上將售出3,873萬套車用近接感測與手勢識別系統(tǒng)，其中有九成的驅(qū)動力來自于近接感測系統(tǒng)。 Boyadjis進(jìn)一步說明，近接感測系統(tǒng)有三種，一是基礎(chǔ)性的近接感測(例如凱迪拉克的人機界面系統(tǒng)Cadillac User Experience，CUE)，二是能識別整只手掌的先進(jìn)近接傳感器，三是需要可辨別1根手指與2根手指之立體攝影機的高分辨率近接傳感器。

凱迪拉克的CUE近接感測系統(tǒng)
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近接感測是利用較小型、價格較便宜的近接傳感器，通常是紅外線技術(shù)，來偵測使用者的手或是其它接近顯示器、控制旋鈕的物體。 Boyadjis表示：“這類技術(shù)可能可以、也可能無法理解手勢的意義，但可辨別手或是物體接近。近接感測能用來叫出汽車顯示器上的選單，選單上有一些經(jīng)常使用的功能；該選單在不使用的時候會自動消失。” 他指出，無論是否具備不同程度的近接感測功能，以紅外線技術(shù)為基礎(chǔ)的近接傳感器是低成本的零組件，而且對汽車制造商來說，很容易將該類傳感器添加或整合到現(xiàn)有的車用平臺上。 當(dāng)然，若是高分辨率的手勢識別系統(tǒng)，情況就復(fù)雜得多：“你需要考量一些錯誤否定(false positive)議題，而且需要進(jìn)行智能型設(shè)計?！盉oyadjis 指出，大多數(shù)手勢識別系統(tǒng)將會配備在高級車款，而且手勢識別不會是車內(nèi)的唯一人機界面選項。 而就如同Boyadjis所言：“沒有任何一種──我的意思是說到目前為止還沒有人打造出──最完美的車用人機界面?！? 本文授權(quán)編譯自EE Times，版權(quán)所有，謝絕轉(zhuǎn)載 編譯：Judith Cheng 參考英文原文：Learning Sign Language to Talk to Your Cadillac，by Junko Yoshida

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{pagination} Learning Sign Language to Talk to Your Cadillac Junko Yoshida, Chief International Correspondent MADISON, Wis. — Nailing down the perfect human/machine interface (HMI) is an eternal quandary for every serious consumer technology developer, whether carmaker, TV manufacturer, mobile handset company... the list goes on. When I stumbled on a recent press release by IHS, whose headline read "Sales of Automotive Proximity and Gesture Recognition Systems Shift into High Gear," I almost gasped. The market research firm predicts that sales of automotive human machine interface (HMI) proximity and gesture recognition systems will rise by a factor of 50 during the next decade. Source: IHS Automotive Source: IHS Automotive Really? Carmakers are plunging into gesture control? My gut reaction was: How on earth, in a car, could gestures and proximity be better than turning knobs or using touchscreens? Call me old fashioned, but wouldn't drivers like to have that tactile assuredness of knobs, buttons, and physical contact? I got in touch with Mark Boyadjis, senior analyst and manager, automotive infotainment, for IHS Automotive. Boyadjis is the author of a new IHS Automotive report entitled "Emerging Technologies: New Human-Machine Interface Trends." Once we got together on the phone, Boyadjis corrected me: "No, I didn't say that gestures and proximity are 'better.' I said that gestures and proximity are 'highly valued' user interfaces." Highly valued? What does he mean by that? Boyadjis subscribes to the idea that when it comes to user interfaces, the key is choices, not a single winning HMI. Jargoning away about "multi-modal user interfaces," Boyadjis explained, "Some people prefer voice recognition over hard keys, while others might hate voice. Different people in different cultures prefer different user interfaces." That does ring true. Setting Italian drivers aside, it's not hard to picture how expressive a driver's gesture could be -- not only to other drivers on the road, but also even to an infotainment system inside the car. Conceivably, gestures could carry more information. Cost, cost, cost But the real reason for growth in proximity and gesture recognition systems in cars has more to do with the cost and the ease of implementation of proximity sensors. Boyadjis acknowledged that much of "the systems rise by a factor of 50 during the next decade" -- predicted by IHS -- is not so much driven by gesture recognition systems, but by proximity sensors. IHS forecasts sales of 38.73 million units in proximity and gesture recognition systems in 2023, and 90 percent of that growth is concentrated in proximity-based systems, according to the analyst. Cadillac CUE proximity sensing Cadillac CUE proximity sensing Boyadjis further explained that there are three categories of proximity systems: a) basic proximity sensing (i.e. used in the Cadillac User Experience, or CUE); b) advanced proximity sensors that recognize the presence of a whole hand; c) high-resolution proximity sensors that require stereoscopic cameras that recognize the difference between one and two fingers. Proximity sensing uses smaller, less expensive proximity sensors, typically infrared technology, to detect the user's hand or another object approaching the display or control knob. "This technology may or may not understand a gesture but rather the presence of the hand or object in proximity. Proximity sensing can be used to bring up menus on a car's display with frequently used functions, which disappear when not in use," according to Boyadjis. Regardless of different levels of proximity, an infrared, technology-based proximity sensor is a cheap component. For automakers, it's easy to add the sensor and integrate it into current automotive platforms, the analyst explained. Of course, when it comes to high resolution gesture recognition systems, things get more complicated. "You need to factor in false positive issues, and they need to be intelligently designed," said Boyadjis. Gesture recognition systems will be most likely to be deployed for luxury cars, and even at that, a gesture reader can't be the only HMI available in the car, he added. As Boyadjis pointed out, "No one -- I mean no one -- has yet perfected an HMI in cars."