雖然目前還不到所有人都競相學(xué)習(xí)中文的時(shí)候，但西方國家和許多發(fā)展中國家大多數(shù)正值工作年紀(jì)的人都知道必須密切注意有關(guān)以及來自中國的消息。尤其是對于各產(chǎn)業(yè)領(lǐng)域的高層主管而言，中國的地位不容忽視，有關(guān)企業(yè)的未來決定都必須將中國納入考慮。 全球經(jīng)濟(jì)中的任何領(lǐng)域都無法忽視中國的重要性，特別是電子產(chǎn)業(yè)。過去二十年來，電子產(chǎn)業(yè)不斷穩(wěn)定且緊密地與這個(gè)亞洲國家連結(jié)在一起。隨著大部份的制造業(yè)務(wù)以及供應(yīng)鏈轉(zhuǎn)移至中國后，電子產(chǎn)業(yè)開始面臨一個(gè)嚴(yán)酷的現(xiàn)實(shí)──它再也脫離不了與中國的關(guān)系了！ 在中國所發(fā)生的任何事件都對全球經(jīng)濟(jì)領(lǐng)域產(chǎn)生影響，特別是那些重度依賴中國的產(chǎn)業(yè)領(lǐng)域。這在電子產(chǎn)業(yè)的情況尤其明顯。大部份的主導(dǎo)企業(yè)都在中國建立了龐大的 業(yè)務(wù)，也面對當(dāng)?shù)匕l(fā)生的各種事件。此外，整個(gè)電子產(chǎn)業(yè)供應(yīng)鏈(不只是制造業(yè))中國都有一定程度的涉入。隨著中國快速成長，電子產(chǎn)業(yè)也持續(xù)進(jìn)展。 僅在過去五年，中國在高科技市占率方面就已經(jīng)寫下了多項(xiàng)紀(jì)錄。在半導(dǎo)體產(chǎn)品、手機(jī)、PC、平面電視、太陽能板以及所謂的“白色家電”方面，中國已經(jīng)成為世界上最大的消費(fèi)市場了。此外，隨著中國的中產(chǎn)階級在未來十年持續(xù)擴(kuò)增，中國將超越西方世界，成為醫(yī)療設(shè)備以及其它產(chǎn)品領(lǐng)域的主要市場。由中國老齡化的人口即可看出這一趨勢。 IHS iSuppli公司探討中國如何透過電子產(chǎn)業(yè)供應(yīng)鏈走出自己的路。在該公司的報(bào)告中提到，除了在PC、網(wǎng)絡(luò)/通訊設(shè)備以及其它高科技設(shè)備領(lǐng)域占主導(dǎo)位以外，中國OEM明年還將推出3.5億支智能手機(jī)。 IHS中國電子產(chǎn)品研究分析師 Elaine Zhi指出，“中國PC出貨量成長迅速，特別是當(dāng)我們比較世界上其它地區(qū)預(yù)期今年將出現(xiàn)緩和的成長態(tài)勢；2012年臺(tái)式計(jì)算機(jī)與筆記本計(jì)算機(jī)的企業(yè)市場出貨量將會(huì)比消費(fèi)市場更高幾百萬臺(tái)?！? 本文授權(quán)編譯自EBN Online，版權(quán)所有，謝絕轉(zhuǎn)載 本文下一頁：中國可能面臨的10個(gè)潛在挑戰(zhàn)

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{pagination} 然而，業(yè)界觀察人士和經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家也指出中國正面臨重大經(jīng)濟(jì)挑戰(zhàn)。企業(yè)家和管理人員正注意到這些挑戰(zhàn)，但他們必須超越至下一個(gè)層次，積極發(fā)展出一套充滿活力與彈性化的危機(jī)緩解計(jì)劃。我從幾處不同的資料來源整理出一系列在邁向經(jīng)濟(jì)成長之路中國可能面臨的潛在挑戰(zhàn)： ●　　在順利過渡成為一個(gè)世界級經(jīng)濟(jì)體的同時(shí)，中國如何同時(shí)因應(yīng)西方需求減緩的問題？ ●　　中國應(yīng)該讓人民幣成為自由浮動(dòng)匯率的貨幣嗎？ ●　　政治事件將如何影響經(jīng)濟(jì)？ ●　　中國能控制通貨膨脹嗎？ ●　　如何找到合適的工人以及有效處理工資上漲和的問題？ ●　　中國可能改善勞工環(huán)境，避免全球消費(fèi)者的憤怒嗎？ ●　　如何透過中產(chǎn)階級與老齡化人口持續(xù)創(chuàng)造需求？ ●　　如何維持電子產(chǎn)品供應(yīng)鏈，同時(shí)處理城市化(生產(chǎn)基地以及中國內(nèi)地)的問題？ ●　　所統(tǒng)計(jì)的經(jīng)濟(jì)數(shù)據(jù)準(zhǔn)確度如何？ ● 中國將完全認(rèn)同國際IP保護(hù)嗎？中國的決定如何影響中國本身與全球的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展？ 除此之外，中國經(jīng)濟(jì)成長還面臨著哪些挑戰(zhàn)？歡迎您的補(bǔ)充，您的意見將有助于更多討論。 編譯：Susan Hong 參考英文原文：China's Top 10 Economic Challenges & the High-Tech Implications，by Bolaji Ojo, Editor in Chief

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{pagination} China's Top 10 Economic Challenges & the High-Tech Implications Bolaji Ojo We are not all racing to learn Mandarin yet, but most, if not all, working-age adults in the Western world and many developing nations know enough to keep an eye on news about and from China. For executives in all industry segments, China is the elephant in the room. It must be factored into any decisions about the future of their enterprise. If any segment of the global economy can afford to ignore China's gargantuan role, it's not electronics. Over the last two decades, the industry has steadily and tightly yoked itself to the Asian nation. After transferring a majority of manufacturing operations and huge swathes of the supply chain to China, the industry faces the stark reality that it can no more do without China than the country itself could disengage from world markets and revert to a closed socialist economy. Events in China will have a major impact on all the global economic segments that have become heavily dependent on the nation. This is obviously the case for the electronics industry. Most of its leading companies, if not all, have huge operations in China and are exposed to events there. Furthermore, the entire industry supply chain (not just the manufacturing end, as is commonly assumed) has significant exposure in China. As China goes, so does the industry. In the last five years alone, China has set numerous records in high-tech marketshare. It has become the world's biggest consumer of semiconductor products, mobile phones, PCs, flat-screen TVs, solar panels, and a wide range of so-called white goods, including refrigerators and cooking ranges. By the way, it is just getting warmed up. As its middle class expands over the next decade (barring any geopolitical disruptions), China will overtake the Western world and become the leading market for medical devices and a range of other goods. Its aging population guarantees this. IHS iSuppli does a great job of tracking how China is wending its way through the electronics supply chain. It reports that Chinese OEMs will ship 350 million smartphones next year. This is in addition to the country's dominance of the PC, networking/communications gear, and other high-tech equipment sectors. "China's PC shipment growth is exceptional, especially when compared to the tepid growth anticipated this year in PC shipments for the rest of the world," Elaine Zhi, an analyst for China electronics research at IHS, said in a press release in July. "Shipments to commercial enterprises are leading the consumer segment in both the desktop and notebook segments by several million units in 2012." However, industry observers and economists have identified major economic challenges for China that I believe we should all keep on our radars. Entrepreneurs and executives are largely aware of many of these challenges, but they need to move beyond awareness and develop a vibrant and flexible risk mitigation program. I compiled a list of the potential challenges to China's economic growth from different sources: 1. How will it handle the transition to a world-class economy while dealing with slowing Western demand? 2. Should China float its currency? 3. How will political events and a leadership struggle affect the economy? 4. Can China control inflation? 5. How will it find the right workers and deal with rising wages? 6. Can it improve labor conditions and avoid the ire of international consumers? 7. How can it sustain local demand created by its middle class/aging population? 8. Can it sustain the electronics supply chain while dealing with urbanization (manufacturing locations and the interior of China)? 9. How accurate is its economic data? 10. Will China completely agree to international intellectual property protection, and how will its decision impact its economic development and global alliances? In a followup to this blog, I will provide more details and identify how I believe they can pose problems for electronics manufacturers. The list is not exhaustive, and I would welcome additions. Your comments will further the discussion.