最近我到德國(guó)斯圖加特參加一個(gè)有關(guān)制造業(yè)的會(huì)議?！笆澜缰圃鞓I(yè)論壇”(World Manufacturing Forum)，顧名思義就是一項(xiàng)國(guó)際性的活動(dòng)，但主辦單位直言不諱地表示，該會(huì)議的主要目標(biāo)之一在于積極提升與鼓勵(lì)歐洲的制造業(yè)。 這次的活動(dòng)大部份都由德國(guó)大斯圖加特地區(qū)贊助支持，當(dāng)?shù)刈h會(huì)主席Thomas Bopp也在活動(dòng)開幕時(shí)致歡迎詞。最先發(fā)表談話的是世界制造業(yè)論壇主席Fred-Holger Gunther。該論壇在官網(wǎng)上所發(fā)表的聲明即闡明其目標(biāo)： “今年世界制造業(yè)論壇的目標(biāo)在于促進(jìn)企業(yè)和政府領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者之間的實(shí)質(zhì)對(duì)話，以及探討制造業(yè)創(chuàng)新的挑戰(zhàn)。主講人將討論全球企業(yè)關(guān)注重點(diǎn)、策略資源管理，以及政府如何藉由有效的對(duì)話和國(guó)際科技合作，協(xié)助提升企業(yè)營(yíng)運(yùn)的可持續(xù)性以及降低沖突的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，進(jìn)而支持全球制造業(yè)的創(chuàng)新?！? 這項(xiàng)目標(biāo)聽起來夠清楚明白了，但在促進(jìn)全球企業(yè)與政府合作發(fā)展制造業(yè)策略的崇高目標(biāo)背后，還有另一個(gè)更值得關(guān)注的重點(diǎn)。我認(rèn)為，當(dāng)中國(guó)與東南許多國(guó)家不斷吸引外國(guó)工廠爭(zhēng)相進(jìn)駐設(shè)廠、掏空了許多原先生產(chǎn)國(guó)家的工業(yè)重鎮(zhèn)之際，此次論壇對(duì)于協(xié)助提升西方世界在全球制造業(yè)的地位也格外具有意義。 斯圖加特的地理位置及其經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展史正與德國(guó)的命運(yùn)密不可分。斯圖加特市就位在內(nèi)卡河(Neckar River)上，這里是一些世界著名的制造商公司總部，如保持捷(Porsche)和戴姆勒公司(Daimler AG)。該區(qū)也是汽車工業(yè)的制造業(yè)重鎮(zhèn)，但由于全球經(jīng)濟(jì)──特別是歐盟(EU)面臨財(cái)務(wù)與債務(wù)負(fù)擔(dān)，近幾個(gè)月來此區(qū)正持續(xù)受到關(guān)注。 在美國(guó)與許多歐洲城市參觀任何的硬件或零售商店，更容易看清西方工廠工人經(jīng)常面對(duì)的不愉快現(xiàn)實(shí)。陳列在像Wal-Mart、Best Buy等商店和Macy’s百貨公司的大多數(shù)商品都有著“中國(guó)制造”(Made in China)的卷標(biāo)，而這種現(xiàn)象有時(shí)也讓顧客感到困惑－－他們了解工作外包的情況已經(jīng)對(duì)于當(dāng)?shù)卦斐芍苯拥挠绊?，但他們自己卻又被這種轉(zhuǎn)移至海外工廠制造能提供較低商品價(jià)格的好處所吸引。 很少有其它的西方國(guó)家能像德國(guó)一樣地積極展現(xiàn)出爭(zhēng)取制造業(yè)市占率的強(qiáng)烈意愿。透過制造業(yè)的帶動(dòng)，德國(guó)已經(jīng)成為世界第五大的經(jīng)濟(jì)體以及第三大出口國(guó)，也取得歐洲經(jīng)濟(jì)強(qiáng)國(guó)的地位。然而，這一地位得來不易。就像其它西方經(jīng)濟(jì)體 一樣，德國(guó)的企業(yè)也面臨著一些更低成本制造商帶來的壓力，迫使這個(gè)國(guó)家的許多公司設(shè)法提升其價(jià)值鏈，轉(zhuǎn)而專注于一些需要更高專業(yè)技術(shù)的產(chǎn)品制造。 本文授權(quán)編譯自EBN Online，版權(quán)所有，謝絕轉(zhuǎn)載 本文下一頁：其他國(guó)家只能爭(zhēng)奪中國(guó)的剩菜殘羮？

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• 實(shí)現(xiàn)生產(chǎn)流程全程可追溯性，突破電子制造業(yè)困局
• 中國(guó)工資漲了，跨國(guó)公司慌了是什么心態(tài)？
• [圖文報(bào)道]中國(guó)是否還能繼續(xù)扮演太陽能市場(chǎng)救世主？r14esmc

{pagination} 德國(guó)最大的出口市場(chǎng)──歐元區(qū)，由于正陷入財(cái)務(wù)與債務(wù)困境，也間接地沖擊德國(guó)的經(jīng)濟(jì)成長(zhǎng)。 News最近的報(bào)告指出，由于鄰近國(guó)家的需求減少，德國(guó)的出口已經(jīng)開始下滑了。但德國(guó)仍持續(xù)協(xié)助希臘、西班牙與意大利等歐盟伙伴擺脫困境，原因之一就在于 擔(dān)心這些國(guó)家的經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)蔓延可能波及德國(guó)邊境。 因應(yīng)生產(chǎn)制造轉(zhuǎn)移至低成本國(guó)家，我看到德國(guó)人正努力提振本國(guó)制造業(yè)。他們擔(dān)心如果制造業(yè)持續(xù)轉(zhuǎn)移至西方以外的國(guó)家，可能造成失業(yè)率攀升的負(fù)面結(jié)果，因此，當(dāng)?shù)氐恼团c企業(yè)正團(tuán)結(jié)起來，共同努力提升該國(guó)的制造業(yè)。而今，這個(gè)目標(biāo)正反映在世界制造業(yè)論壇上。 如果歐洲對(duì)于制造業(yè)抱持樂觀的前景，所有的人都必須團(tuán)結(jié)起來。雖然他們正面對(duì)種種困難與挑戰(zhàn)，但就算中國(guó)完全壟斷制造經(jīng)濟(jì)，難道就意味著世界上的其它地區(qū)只能爭(zhēng)奪剩菜殘羮嗎？或者，像美國(guó)和德國(guó)等一些高成本的國(guó)家，是否也有機(jī)會(huì)在制造業(yè)占有一席之地？未來我將分更多在世界業(yè)論壇上的一些觀點(diǎn)與心得，也想知道你對(duì)這一議題的看法。 編譯：Susan Hong 本文授權(quán)編譯自EBN Online，版權(quán)所有，謝絕轉(zhuǎn)載 參考英文原文：Has the West Given Up on Manufacturing?，by Bolaji Ojo, Editor in Chief

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• 實(shí)現(xiàn)生產(chǎn)流程全程可追溯性，突破電子制造業(yè)困局
• 中國(guó)工資漲了，跨國(guó)公司慌了是什么心態(tài)？
• [圖文報(bào)道]中國(guó)是否還能繼續(xù)扮演太陽能市場(chǎng)救世主？r14esmc

{pagination} Has the West Given Up on Manufacturing? Bolaji Ojo I am this week attending a conference in Stuttgart, Germany, on -- wait for this -- manufacturing. The World Manufacturing Forum, as the name suggests, is an international event, but the organizers aren't shy at all about one of its key goals, which is to actively promote and encourage a manufacturing industry in the heart of Europe. The event is heavily sponsored and championed by Germany's Greater Stuttgart Region, and one of the welcome addresses will be delivered on Tuesday by Thomas Bopp, chairman of the regional assembly. The first address will be delivered by Fred-Holger Günther, chairman of the World Manufacturing Forum. In a statement on its Website, the Forum elucidated its goals: This year's World Manufacturing Forum aims to facilitate an effective dialogue between business and government leaders and explore challenges for manufacturing innovation in the context of policy makers' options. Speakers will talk about global business concerns, the management of strategic resources and how governments can support global manufacturing innovation by increasing the sustainability of business operations and by lowering the risk of conflicts through effective dialogue and international S&T cooperation. That sounds clear enough, but there's another stream of concern flowing beneath the lofty goals of aligning global corporate and government strategies in manufacturing. In my opinion, the forum is also meant to help boost the position of the Western world in global manufacturing as China and Southeast Asian nations continue to pull in foreign factories in droves, resulting in the hollowing of many previous producer nations' industrial heartlands. Stuttgart's location and its economic history intertwine with the fortunes of Germany. The city is right on the Neckar River and is home to some of the world's better known manufacturers, including Porsche and Daimler AG. The region is a manufacturing powerhouse for the automotive industry, but concerns have risen in recent months as the global economy, and especially sections of the European Union, have continued to reel under fiscal and debt burdens. A visit to any hardware or retail outlet in the United States and many major European cities will drive home the often unpleasant reality facing factory workers in the West. Most of the items on display at stores like Wal-Mart, Best Buy, and Macy's carry the "Made in China" tag, a nagging phenomenon that sometimes bothers customers who realize the outsourcing of jobs has immediate local impact but who themselves are drawn by the lower prices afforded through the transfer of factories overseas. Few other Western nations have demonstrated fiercer willingness than Germany to fight for manufacturing marketshare. It is the world's fifth largest economy and its third-biggest exporter, boosted by manufacturing that has earned it the status of the continent's economic powerhouse. This position has been hard won, though. Like other Western economies, German companies are facing pressure from lower-cost manufacturers, and this has forced companies in the country to move up the value chain to focus on products that require a higher level of expertise. Fiscal and debt problems in the euro-zone -- Germany's biggest export market -- are crimping the country's growth. A recent News report noted Germany's exports have been falling as demand has dwindled in neighboring countries. One of the reasons Germany has been active in helping to bail out crisis-prone European Union partners Greece, Spain, and Italy, is because of fears the economic contagion in those nations could spill across its own borders. I see the efforts to promote manufacturing in Germany as part of the country's response to the transfer of production to lower-cost countries. Local politicians and companies are teaming up to boost manufacturing in the country because of concerns about the possible negative consequences of rising unemployment if manufacturing continues to migrate outside the West. This goal is reflected in the agenda for the World Manufacturing Forum. Here are some of the topics scheduled for consideration. You may draw your own conclusion from these: · Manufacturing -- a solution to the economic crisis? · Why manufacturing is important -- a European view · Living and working in an urban environment · How can policies ensure resource use efficiency? · What does industry expect from policy makers? · Technological solutions supporting resource use efficiency · Are current policies able to guarantee a sustainable use of resources? Speakers on the various panels are drawn both from government and the private sector and include Herbert Von Bose from the European Commission; Ingo Rust, State Secretary, Ministry for Finance and Economy, Baden-Württemberg; Carlos Costa, Governor of the Central Bank of Portugal; and G?ran Ottoson, CEO, LKAB Schwedenerz GmbH. If Europe is to have a viable future in manufacturing, all these folks will have to join forces. I wonder, though, if they are swimming against the current here. Has China completely cornered the manufacturing economy, meaning the rest of the world must scramble for leftovers? Or is there still a role for high-cost countries like Germany and the United States? I am open to be convinced and will share insight from the World Manufacturing Forum with EBN readers over the next few days. Let me know your particular concerns by leaving comments on this page.