美國正展開一項(xiàng)交通安全試行計(jì)劃，將為3,000臺(tái)小轎車、卡車與巴士配備能讓車輛避免碰撞事故與改善交通流量的無線連結(jié)功能。有關(guān)單位表示，這項(xiàng)連網(wǎng)車輛計(jì)劃是改善美國的交通安全諸計(jì)劃中，規(guī)模最大的一個(gè)。 主導(dǎo)這項(xiàng)連網(wǎng)車輛試行計(jì)劃的美國交通部國道安全局(National Highway Traffic Safety Administration，NHTSA)表示，將進(jìn)行車輛與高速公路基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施實(shí)時(shí)“通話”的能力測試。該計(jì)劃的第二階段則將在密西根州的Ann Arbor等城市裝設(shè)行動(dòng)無線網(wǎng)絡(luò)，并取得美國聯(lián)邦的資金來開發(fā)車輛相關(guān)技術(shù)。 計(jì)劃中的車輛將配備特別設(shè)計(jì)的車輛對車輛，以及車輛對基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施通訊裝置，以收集交通安全網(wǎng)絡(luò)是如何運(yùn)作的相關(guān)資料，同時(shí)衡量該網(wǎng)絡(luò)降低事故發(fā)生率的效益。NHTSA預(yù)期，該車輛對車輛安全技術(shù)能將車輛事故減少五分之四。 那些配備無線通訊功能的車輛能送出信息，并接收來自配備了相同設(shè)備的其它車輛信息；并將危險(xiǎn)十字路口、前方車輛追撞事故等交通路況信息，轉(zhuǎn)譯為警告信息?！拔覀冃枰私庠撊?何在現(xiàn)實(shí)世界以有效的方法來布置該技術(shù)；”NHTSA官員David Strickland表示，該單位將以試行計(jì)劃所收集到的資料，評(píng)估連網(wǎng)車輛技術(shù)是否應(yīng)該大規(guī)模布署。 美國交通部早就與汽車 制造商展開合作，開發(fā)能讓車輛與車輛、車輛與基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施相互通訊的無線技術(shù)方案；主管機(jī)關(guān)的目標(biāo)是讓未來的車輛能與交通號(hào)志、施工區(qū)域、收費(fèi)站等等各種道路 上的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施通話。該連網(wǎng)汽車計(jì)劃是采用名為“專用短距離無線通訊(Dedicated Short Range Communications)”的類Wi-Fi技術(shù)；交通專家表示，這種技術(shù)相對速度較快、較安全，而且?guī)缀醪粫?huì)被干擾。 計(jì)劃的第二階段將進(jìn)行無線通訊系統(tǒng)直接整合到車輛的測試，包括在車輛內(nèi)加裝的后裝市場安全性系統(tǒng)與通訊信標(biāo)；這些裝置每秒會(huì)發(fā)出10次基本安全性信息，所產(chǎn)生的資料流屆時(shí)能應(yīng)用在其它也配備相同裝置的車輛，標(biāo)記潛在的交通危險(xiǎn)狀況。NHTSA預(yù)計(jì)在2013年根據(jù)試行計(jì)劃所收集到的資料來決定是否大規(guī)模布建該技術(shù)。 本文授權(quán)編譯自EE Times，版權(quán)所有，謝絕轉(zhuǎn)載 編譯：Judith Cheng 參考英文原文：U.S. test drives Wi-Fi to improve traffic safety，by George Leopold

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{pagination} U.S. test drives Wi-Fi to improve traffic safety George Leopold WASHINGTON – A traffic safety initiative launched this week (Aug. 21) will equip 3,000 cars, trucks and buses with Wi-Fi connections designed to help vehicles avoid crashes and improve traffic flow, planners said. The U.S. Transportation Department’s National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) said its connected vehicle pilot project will test the ability of vehicles and highway infrastructure to “talk” to each other in real time. The second phase of the mobile Wi-Fi network will be installed in Ann Arbor, Mich., one of several Michigan cities to receive federal funding to develop auto-related technologies. Federal officials called the connected vehicle program the largest of its kind for improving U.S. traffic safety. Vehicles will be equipped with vehicle-to-vehicle and vehicle-to-infrastructure communications devices designed under the pilot program to gather data on how the safety network operates while gauging its effectiveness in reducing accidents. NHTSA estimates that vehicle-to-vehicle safety technology could help avoid or reduce the severity of four out of five crashes. Wi-Fi-enabled vehicles will be able to send and receive messages from similarly equipped vehicles, translate traffic data into warnings about dangerous traffic scenarios like the threat of a collision at a blind intersection or a rear-end collision with a vehicle stopped ahead. “We need to understand how to apply the technology in an effective way in the real world,” NHTSA Administrator David Strickland said in announcing the pilot program. Data from the pilot program will be used by the agency to determine whether connected vehicle technology should be widely deployed in other fleets. The Transportation Department has been working with auto manufacturers to find out how wireless technology can be used to allow vehicles to communicate with each other and with the U.S. transportation infrastructure. Planners envision the technology allowing future vehicles to “talk” to traffic signals, work zones, toll booths and other roadway infrastructure. The connected vehicle technology is based on technology similar to Wi-Fi called Dedicated Short Range Communications. Transportation experts said the technology is relatively fast, secure and nearly invulnerable to interference. The second phase of the deployment program announced this week will test wireless systems integrated directly into vehicles along with aftermarket safety systems and communications beacons. The devices are designed to emit basic safety messages 10 times per second. The data stream can then be used by other equipped vehicles to spot potential traffic hazards. Program officials said the results of the connected vehicle pilot program will be used by NHTSA to determine whether to proceed with additional vehicle-to-vehicle communications efforts, including proposed rules on deployment. A decision on whether to expand the program is expected in 2013, transportation officials said.